CAMPUS LIFE
There s more to SPIPS than academics. Here s how we keep busy outside classrooms
Our labs are equipped with modern facilities covering all fields of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharm D and Post Baccalaureate
Programme Educational Objectives
PEO1: The Doctor of Pharmacy graduate will develop adequate Knowledge on basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, Research Skills and Understanding of safe and effective use of Medications
PEO2: The Doctor of Pharmacy graduate will develop necessary skills to provide efficient Pharmaceutical care to the Patients, community and also serve as pioneer in Research
PEO3: The Doctor of Pharmacy graduate will be able to adapt to newer technology and advancement by becoming lifelong learners and assume leadership roles in promoting public health of the society.
First Year:
| S.No. | Name of Subject | No. of hours of Theory | No. of hours of Practical | No. of hours of Tutorial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 1.1 | Human Anatomy and Physiology | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 1.2 | Pharmaceutics | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| 1.3 | Medicinal Biochemistry | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 1.4 | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 1.5 | Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| 1.6 | Remedial Mathematics/ Biology | 3 | 3* | 1 |
| Total hours | 16 | 18 | 6 = (40) |
* For Biology
Second Year:
| S.No. | Name of Subject | No. of hours of Theory | No. of hours of Practical | No. of hours of Tutorial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 2.1 | Pathophysiology | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 2.2 | Pharmaceutical Microbiologys | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 2.3 | Pharmacognosy & Phytopharmaceuticals | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 2.4 | Pharmacology-I | 3 | - | 1 |
| 2.5 | Community Pharmacy | 2 | - | 1 |
| 2.6 | Pharmacotherapeutics-I | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Total hours | 17 | 9 | 6 = 32 |
Third Year:
| S.No. | Name of Subject | No. of hours of Theory | No. of hours of Practical | No. of hours of Tutorial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 3.1 | Pharmacology-II | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 3.2 | Pharmaceutical Analysis | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 3.3 | Pharmacotherapeutics-II | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 3.4 | Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence | 2 | - | - |
| 3.5 | Medicinal Chemistry | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 3.6 | Pharmaceutical Formulations | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Total hours | 16 | 15 | 5 = 36 |
Fourth Year:
| S.No. | Name of Subject | No. of hours of Theory | No. of hours of Practical | No. of hours of Tutorial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 4.1 | Pharmacotherapeutics-III | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 4.2 | Hospital Pharmacy | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 4.3 | Clinical Pharmacy | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 4.4 | Biostatistics & Research Methodology | 2 | - | 1 |
| 4.5 | Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| 4.6 | Clinical Toxicology | 2 | - | 1 |
| Total hours | 15 | 12 | 6 = 33 |
Fifth Year:
| S.No. | Name of Subject | No. of hours of Theory | No. of hours of Practical | No. of hours of Tutorial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 5.1 | Clinical Research | 3 | - | 1 |
| 5.2 | Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics | 3 | - | 1 |
| 5.3 | Clinical Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacotherapeutic Drug Monitoring | 2 | - | 1 |
| 5.4 | Clerkship * | - | - | 1 |
| 5.5 | Project work (Six Months) | - | 20 | - |
| Total hours | 8 | 20 | 4 = 32 |
* Attending ward rounds on daily basis.
Sixth Year:
Internship or residency training including postings in speciality units. Student should independently provide the clinical pharmacy services to the allotted wards.
(i) Six months in General Medicine department, and
(ii) Two months each in three other speciality departments
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Apply concepts and knowledge of the general terminology, cell structure and function, histology, gross anatomy, and physiology related to the integumentary, skeletal, muscular and nervous systems to novel technical and/or clinical scenarios. |
| 2 | Research and critically evaluate various sources of information related to these systems in order to discern reliable scientific information from unsourced information. |
| 3 | Communicate information related to these systems through written, verbal, or multimedia formats in order to assess current knowledge, answer investigative questions, and explore new questions for additional research. |
| 4 | Evaluate information on human health and medical research as to its social, environmental, and ethical implications as part of responsible citizenship. |
| 5 | Use scientific laboratory equipment in order to gather and analyze data on human anatomy and physiology. Use an understanding of how these human organ systems are interrelated to apply a holistic approach to human health |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1.1.P.1 | To identify the various tissues of the different systems of the human body. |
| 1.1.P.2 | To study and identify different organs in different systems of the body. |
| 1.1.P.3 | To perform the haematological tests and also record blood pressure, heart rate, pulse and respiratory volumes. |
Course Outcomes: 1.2
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Basic knowledge about development of pharmacy profession, pharmacopoeia and various types of dosage form. |
| 2 | Ability to do different pharmaceutical calculations |
| 3 | Knowledge about variation of monophasic, biphasic, solid dosage forms and its evaluation. |
| 4 | Ability to understand methods of herbal extraction and its types |
| 5 | Knowledge on handling of surgical aid’s and its application. Acquire knowledge on stability and interaction of pharmaceutical drugs with various excipients |
Course Outcomes: 1.2
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1.2.1 | To understand the formulation of various monophasic dosage forms. |
| 1.2.2 | Formulate biphasic liquid dosage forms like emulsions and suspensions. |
| 1.2.3 | Gain skill in the operation of various solid and semisolid dosage forms over other formulations. Incompatibility and preparing the formulation overcoming these incompatibilities. |
Course Outcomes:1.3
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1.3.1 | The students will be capable of understand the catalytic activity of enzymes and importance of isoenzymes in diagnosis of diseases; |
| 1.3.2 | The students will know the metabolic process of biomolecules in health and illness (metabolic disorders); |
| 1.3.3 | The students will understand the genetic organization of mammalian genome; protein synthesis; replication; mutation and repair mechanism; |
| 1.3.4 | The students will know the biochemical principles of organ function tests of kidney, liver and endocrine gland. |
| 1.3.5 | The students will do the qualitative analysis and determination of biomolecules in the body fluids. |
Course Outcomes:1.3
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1.3.1 | To find and distinguish the biomolecule carbohydrates. |
| 1.3.2 | To identify and detect the biomolecule lipids, proteins and amino acids. |
| 1.3.3 | To analyze and determine the normal and abnormal constituents of urine and blood. |
| 1.3.4 | To understand the catalytic activity of enzymes and importance of enzymes in diagnosis of diseases and therapeutic agents. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Graduates will have a sound knowledge in nomenclature, physical properties of various classes of organic compounds which impart a foundation for the study of various medicinal compounds and their nature of reactivity. |
| 2 | Concepts and the mechanisms for the synthetic tools in generating newer products can be correlated with novel drug design and development in future. |
| 3 | The mode of quality control procedures and applications of numerous medicinal agents help to adapt the students to focus on purity parameters pertaining to the drugs of choice. |
| 4 | The order of reactivity, orientation and stability of the compounds attribute to the influence towards predicting the prognosis of series of reactions. |
| 5 | The practical knowledge from the laboratory synthesis of medicinal organic molecules and their qualitative organic analysis helps to interpret and arrive to valid conclusions. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Explain the qualitative analysis and preparation of pharmaceutical organic compounds |
| 2 | Identify the extra elements present in the pharmaceutical organic Compounds |
| 3 | Report the presence of several functional groups in pharmaceutical Compounds |
| 4 | Describe the preparation and characterization of the derivatives of organic compounds. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1.6.1 | Understand the possible source of impurities and their limits. |
| 1.6.2 | Determine the percentage purity of the inorganic pharmaceuticals by various Assay methods. |
| 1.6.3 | Understand the preparation methods, purity testing and application of various inorganic pharmaceuticals. |
| 1.6.4 | Ability to understand the pharmacopeial monographs and perform various analytical techniques involved in it |
| 1.6.5 | Preparation, storage and safety measures for radiopharmaceuticals and other miscellaneous inorganic pharmaceuticals. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1.6.1P | Well acquainted with the principles of limit tests. |
| 1.6.2P | Understand the principles and procedures of analysis of drugs and also regarding the application of inorganic pharmaceutical. |
| 1.6.3P | Knowledge about the sources of impurities and methods to determine the impurities in inorganic drugs and pharmaceuticals |
| 1.6.4P | Appreciate the importance of inorganic pharmaceuticals in preventing and curing the disease |
| 1.6.5P | To have been introduced to a variety of inorganic drug classes. |
| 1.6.6P | To know the analysis of the inorganic pharmaceuticals their applications. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Apply mathematical concepts and principles to perform computations for Pharmaceutical Sciences. |
| 2 | Create, use and analyze mathematical representations and mathematical relationships |
| 3 | Communicate mathematical knowledge and understanding to help in the field of Clinical Pharmacy |
| 4 | Perform abstract mathematical reasoning |
Course Outcomes:2.1
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | To know The pathology Of various conditions |
| 2 | To know the cause of cell injury and inflammation |
| 3 | To describe the etiology and Pathophysiology of various diseases |
| 4 | To name the signs And symptoms of different diseases |
| 5 | To understand the complications Of diseases |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Understand the importance of microorganisms, able to cultivate, identify and preserve microorganism. |
| 2 | Apply the knowledge of sterilization and disinfection process in hospital and pharmaceutical industry. |
| 3 | Perform identification of diseases by performing the diagnostic tests. |
| 4 | Explain the mechanism of immunity and advocate immunization programme |
| 5 | Know the mode of transmission of disease causing microorganism, symptoms, diagnostic tests and treatment |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | To study the apparatus used in microbiology & preparation, sterilization of glassware’s and media & To study different staining Techniques. |
| 2 | Enumeration of microorganism,motility characters& method of isolation of pure culture and to perform culture sensitivity testing, sterility testing for powder & liquid and determination of MIC |
| 3 | Bioochemical testing for identification of microorganism & To perform microbiological assay of antibiotics, vitamins and determination of RWC, Widal, Malaria parasite |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 2.3TCO1 | Source of drug & its application, role of herbs in drug development, classification along with their merits & demerits |
| 2.3TCO2 | Cultivation, Collection, processing & storage, standard protocol for evaluation of crude drugs. |
| 2.3TCO3 | Different cell & cell wall constituents & its function, Macro, micro& powder microscopy of crude drugs |
| 2.3TCO4 | Classification, MoA of natural pesticides, preparation & application of plant fiber. |
| 2.3TCO5 | Primary & secondary metabolites containing drugs- classification, chemistry, method of extraction & analysis. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 2.3P CO1 | To Understand the cell wall constituents and cell inclusions .To study the morphology histology, powder microscopy of the crude drugs. |
| 2.3P CO2 | To estimate the Quality and purity of lipid |
| 2.3P CO3 | To analyze primary metabolites by Qualitative chemical tests |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | The students will be capable of explaining the basics of pharmacology like drug, agonists & antagonists, pharmacokinetics & dynamics, receptors & its families, routes of drug administration and factors affecting drug action. |
| 2 | The students will understand the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS, various receptors, neurotransmitters in the ANS, and the pharmacology of drugs acting in it. |
| 3 | The students will know the pharmacological management of various cardiovascular disorders like hypertension, angina, arrhythmia etc., and the pharmacology of autocoids. |
| 4 | The students will understand the various CNS diseases and the pharmacology of drugs acting on the central nervous system like sedatives & hypnotics, anticonvulsants, general & local anesthetics etc., |
| 5 | The students will be capable of explaining the physiological role of hormones and the pharmacology of hormonal agonists and antagonists. The students will know the pharmacology of drugs acting on the respiratory tract. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Provide patient centered care to diverse patients using the best available evidence and in consideration of patients’ circumstances to devise, modify, implement, document and monitor pharmacotherapy care plans, either independently or as part of healthcare team |
| 2 | Demonstrate knowledge of the business and professional practice management skills in community pharmacies. |
| 3 | Educate patients through counseling & provide health screening services to public |
| 4 | Identify symptoms of minor ailments and provide appropriate medication |
| 5 | Participate in prevention programs of communicable diseases |
| 6 | Exhibit professional ethics by promoting safe and appropriate medication use throughout society |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Understand the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and management for cardiovascular diseases |
| 2 | Apprehend the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and management for Respiratory diseases |
| 3 | Understand the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and management for Endocrine disorders |
| 4 | Understand the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and management for ophthalmological disorders |
| 5 | Demonstrate the importance of rational drug therapy and prescribing guidelines for different age groups |
Course Outcomes:3.1T
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Understand the pharmacological aspects of drugs acting on blood, renal system, and gastrointestinal tract |
| 2 | Understand the pharmacological aspects of chemotherapeutic agents used in various diseases like cancer, inflammation, helminthiasis, protozoal infections, malaria, tuberculosis, and leprosy, viral and bacterial infections. |
| 3 | They would have understood the pharmacological aspects of immune system and principles of animal toxicology and screening methods available for drugs in the laboratory animals. |
| 4 | They would have learnt in depth knowledge on cell, macromolecules, cell signalling, DNA replication and cell cycle. |
| 5 | Recognize the importance of gene its structure, genome, gene expression and analyse the principles and processes of Recombinant DNA technology. |
Course Outcomes:3.1P
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | To study composition of different physiological salt solutions, routes of drug administration, use of anaesthetics, handling laboratory animals and to learn basic instruments used in experimental pharmacology. |
| 2 | To perform isolated experiments using various isolated preparation and the effect of different drugs on the concentration response curves and bioassay methods. |
| 3 | To study the preclinical screening of various drugs. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| CO1 | To understand the importance of analytical instruments and techniques for qualitative and quantitative estimation of drugs and biologicals. |
| CO2 | Know to choose the appropriate analytical techniques among chromatography methods for separation and identification of drugs and biology. |
| CO3 | Ability to understand and select the appropriate electrometric methods and other thermal and methods for drug analysis. |
| CO4 | To relate various concepts of spectroscopic methods for structural identification and quantitative estimation of drugs. |
| CO5 | To know the concepts and procedures related to GLP, GMP Quality control and Validation. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Understand the importance of antibiotic usage in different infectious conditions and preventive measures needed to minimize exposure to infections. |
| 2 | Apprehend the pathophysiology and treatment options for musculoskeletal disorders. |
| 3 | Comprehend guidelines used for the management of renal conditions. |
| 4 | Relate various concepts needed to work with chemotherapeutic agents in different types of cancers and to learn their management. |
| 5 | Comprehend the importance of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment in dermatology. |
Course Outcomes:3.4
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Role of different committees in framing pharmaceutical legislation,code of ethics,prescription and non-prescription drugs |
| 2 | Sch A-z,forms for sale & import,constitution & functioning of DTAB,DCC,CDL |
| 3 | Constitution,function of TNPC,PCI &ER 91,layout & manufacturing in bonded & non-bonded laboratory |
| 4 | EC & criteria for price fixing of scheduled & non-scheduled formulations NPPA,members & functioning of IAEC,prohibited & exempted advertisements |
| 5 | Members & functions of NDPS consultative committee & fund,steps involved in filling patent and designs |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| CO3.5T.1 | Know the development, chemistry, SAR, mechanism of action, brand name and synthesis of various anti-infective agents and antibiotics |
| CO3.5T.2 | Development, chemistry, SAR, mechanism of action, brand name and synthesis of anti-cancer agents |
| CO3.5T.3 | Know the chemistry, SAR, mechanism of action, brand name and synthesis of drugsacting on CVS |
| CO3.5T.4 | Know the development, chemistry, SAR, mechanism of action, brand name and synthesis of hormones and drugs used for metabolic disorders |
| CO3.5T.5 | Understand the concept and importance of drug design, different techniques of drug design and gene targeted drugs |
Course Outcomes:3.5P
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| CO3.5P.1 | Perform the synthesis of Medicinally important compounds |
| CO3.5P.2 | Assay of Medicinally Important compounds |
| CO3.5P.3 | Determine the monograph analysis of medicinally important compounds |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 3.6.1 | Attain detailed knowledge on different types of dosage forms and their application in the management of clinical therapy. |
| 3.6.2 | a. Describe different tablet dosage form, coating and related concern for design & development of tablet dosage form. b. Develop dosage form and related concern for design of capsule dosage form. |
| 3.6.3 | Design and develop sterile liquid dosages forms to treat various clinical diseases. |
| 3.6.4 | Develop Semisolid Dosage forms with acceptable patient compliance. |
| 3.6.5 | Describe suitable criteria and various approaches for development of novel drug delivery systems. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 3.6.1P | Students will understand the principle involved in formulation of various pharmaceutical dosage forms |
| 3.6.2P | Prepare various pharmaceutical formulation |
| 3.6.3P | Perform evaluation of pharmaceutical dosage forms |
| 3.6.4P | Appreciate the concept of bioavailability and bioequivalence, their role in clinical situations. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Understand the disease conditions and drug therapy, and ability to apply the drug knowledge on preparation of patient specific pharmacotherapeutic plan for gastrointestinal system diseases. |
| 2 | Understand the disease conditions and drug therapy, and ability to apply the drug knowledge on preparation of patient specific pharmacotherapeutic plan for hematological diseases. |
| 3 | Understand the disease conditions and drug therapy, and ability to apply the drug knowledge on preparation of patient specific pharmacotherapeutic plan for pain and nervous system diseases. |
| 4 | Understand the disease conditions and drug therapy, and ability to apply the drug knowledge on preparation of patient specific pharmacotherapeutic plan for psychiatric disorders. |
| 5 | Ability to answer the drug queries based on best available evidence, clinical expertise on the preparation and process of EBM and decision making on patient management. |
Course Outcomes:4.2
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | To know about hospital and it's management |
| 2 | To understand role of various committees of hospital |
| 3 | To know about inventory Control and other Pharmacy Services |
| 4 | To gain knowledge About various pharmaceutical preparations |
| 5 | To understand the importance of professional relations and professional development programmes |
Course Outcome :4.2
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | To learn to prepare various solid dosage forms like powders and parenteral dosage forms |
| 2 | To gain knowledge About Drug information query and drug interactions |
| 3 | To perform ABC analysis for a given list of drugs |
Course Outcome :
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Monitor drug therapy of patient through medication chart review and clinical review |
| 2 | Obtain medication history interview and counsel the patients |
| 3 | Identify and resolve drug related problems |
| 4 | Detect, assess and monitor adverse drug reaction |
| 5 | Interpret selected laboratory results (as monitoring parameters in therapeutics) of specific disease states |
| 6 | Retrieve, analyze, interpret and formulate drug or medicine information |
Course Outcome :
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Know the various statistical methods to solve different types of problems |
| 2 | Operate various statistical software packages |
| 3 | Appreciate the importance of Computer in hospital and Community Pharmacy |
| 4 | Appreciate the statistical technique in solving the pharmaceutical problems |
Course Outcome :
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Understand the basic concepts in biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics and their significance. Discuss factors affecting drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. |
| 2 | Use of plasma drug concentration-time data to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters to describe the kinetics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, elimination. Understand various pharmacokinetic parameters, their significance & applications. |
| 3 | Discuss One compartment open model. a. Intravenous Injection (Bolus) b. Intravenous infusion. Describe multi-compartment models |
| 4 | Describe Multiple – Dosage Regimens. One Compartment Open Model, Two Compartment Open Model |
| 5 | Explain Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics |
| 6 | To understand the bioavailability and bioequivalence of drug products and their significance. |
Course Outcomes:4.6T
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Describe the principles involved in the management of poisoning and toxicokinetics |
| 2 | Differentiate the clinical symptoms and management of various acute and chronic poisoning |
| 3 | Manage the clinical symptoms of different chronic poisoining by heavy metals |
| 4 | Recognize the clinical symptoms and management of envenomation,food and poisoning by various plants |
| 5 | Evaluate, minimize and prevent the substance abuse cases in local Population and management of emergency cases. |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Evaluate the concept of the new drug development process. |
| 2 | Understand the regulatory and ethical requirements. |
| 3 | Analyse the aspects of clinical trials following the regulatory and ethical requirements. |
| 4 | Analyse & facilitate the clinical trials and promote quality drug trial research. |
| 5 | Understand the safety monitoring and reporting in clinical trials |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 5.2 T 1 | Identify the applications of PharmacoEpidemiology and PharmacoEconomics in clinical settings and various Pharmacoepidemiological Outcome measures |
| 5.2 T 2 | Describe the concept of risk in PharmacoEpidemiology and different methods of measuring risks with various Pharmaco Epidemiological methods |
| 5.2 T 3 | Explain the various sources of data for Pharmaco Epidemiological studies and selected special applications of Pharmacoepidemiology |
| 5.2 T 4 | understand the principles and basic concepts of PharmacoEconomics and its roles in healthcare decision making |
| 5.2 T 5 | Pharmaco Economic evaluations used in PharmacoEconomic and their relative strengths |
| 5.2 T 6 | Software used in Pharmaco Epidemiology and Pharmaco Economic analysis |
Course Outcomes:
| CO | Course Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Describe & apply the pharmacokinetic principles in dosing of drugs to specific populations |
| 2 | Recognise the clinical areas where implementation of TDM will have a positive effect on patient care |
| 3 | Analyse the dosage regimen of drugs to various clinical situations |
| 4 | Gain knowledge on estimating the population pharmacokinetic parameters by various methods. |
| 5 | Comprehense the concept of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics and apply to enhance drug safety, improve drug discovery and identify optimal dosing. |
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